Varicosis is a pathological condition, the result of chronic venous insufficiency, in which venous walls are formed, the light of the veins increases and the expansion aneurysm (nodes) are formed.Visually, the veins become very swollen, blue, enveloping.It manifests itself from a feeling of gravity in the legs and their effort, edema of the feet and legs, night convulsions in the legs.
The causes of varicose veins
It is impossible to appoint a specific reason, but there are a series of factors, which can cause an increase in pressure and a decrease in the elasticity of the veins, as well as the weakening of the valves, following this, varicose veins develop.
In clinical phlegology, a series of provocative factors are distinguished leading to varicose veins:
- Work on the legs or a long stay in an erect position.
- Using socks with strong elastic bands that tighten their legs.
- Weakness of fabrics due to congenital characteristics.
- Direction.The legs have an increased load of the whole body.This factor is dangerous for people whose work involves a prolonged position.
- Genetic predisposition.If the parents had varicose veins, then a child with a 70% probability will also have the development of the pathology.True, the risks can be reduced, avoiding their appearance.To do this, you just have to not create provocative factors.With a genetic predisposition, varicose veins appear very soon.
- Life.If a person is not active enough, the risk of varicose veins increases.Flebologists call a similar "varicose for computer" state.
- Hormonal malfunctions and bringing the fetus.During pregnancy, varicose veins develop due to an increase in the volume of the blood, as well as squeezing the veins that increase the size of the uterus.In hormonal failures, they increase the production of progesterone and the reduction of the synthesis of estrogen, which increases blood coagulation.
- Obstacles of the flow of blood.This condition occurs with the formation of blood clots, the development of tumors.
- Obesity.Excess weight improves the load on the feet, the malnutrition of blood circulation begins and extra kilos cause an increase in abdominal pressure, which changes the outflow of blood.
- Diabetes.In case of illness, a high rate of sugar begins to damage the vascular system, which leads to the formation of blood clots.
- Stress and nervous disorders influence blood vessels, lead to the development of varicose veins.
- Alcohol abuse.Alcohol is able to bend the body and with excessive consumption, the blood is thickened, the blocking of the veins and the malnutrition of the blood flow begins.
- Unstable nutrition.If the body does not receive vitamins C, E, P, as well as useful trace elements: blood circulation is disturbed, the state of the blood vessels worsens, which leads to varicose veins.
- Frequent delay of the feces.In this case, the abdominal pressure increases and the flow of blood in the legs is disturbed.
- Pathologies of the kidneys and the heart.
- An overdose of drugs to increase blood coagulation.
Depending on the cause of the development of the disease, 3 main phases of varicose veins can be distinguished:
- Compensation.
- Subcompensation.
- Decomed.
Varicose veins do not apply to serious, but frightening pathologies with its complications.
Be careful!If the disease appears, it will not go by itself.The premature appeal to a specialist leads to serious violations, which represent a danger.
The main symptoms of varicose veins
The clinical picture of the varicose veins is not difficult, this allows a phlebologist to quickly make a preliminary diagnosis and direct the patient to the instrumental diagnosis.
Among the main signs of varicose expansion, they distinguish:
- The emergence of swelling on the legs by the end of the day, in the evening.The first symptom is among the possible, especially when wearing tight shoes.After normal rest in the morning, the swelling disappears.
- Heaviness in the legs.A person does not only feel gravity, but explode in calves, especially after a working day.A symptom often appears in people with sedentary work.If you spend the walks in the evening and provide a good rest, the signs disappear in the morning, but in the evening they will reappear.
- Strong heat in the legs, that is to say in the calves.
- Convulsions at night reducing caviar.
- The appearance of a vascular shirt on the legs ("stars" blue-red).
- An increase in the veins on the legs (as if it rushed on the skin).This feature develops one of the latter and speaks of a pronounced varicose expansion.
The symptoms described are subject to a mandatory treatment compared to before this is done, less serious complications will be.
Complications of varicose veins
With the appearance of varicose veins, the pathology itself will not pass and without treatment it will begin to give complications.What is the dangerous varicose veins and what consequences can they be against the background of the disease?
The complicated form of the course of the varicose veins declares itself through:
- Thrombophlebitis in acute form.
- Trophic ulcers.
- Flebotrombosis.
- Bleeding.
A progressive disease causes the development of the varicothrombophlebitis and therefore the phlebotrombosis.These states affect the deep veins, the blood flow in the legs is not only disturbed, but it can stop, due to which the gangrene is formed.
Diagnosis of varicose veins
At the beginning of the development of varicose veins, symptoms are usually not expressed, often the pain in the legs and other sensations are deleted on fatigue.
The patient is not resolved to visit the doctor by the doctor (when the veins begin to swell and this becomes an evident naked eye).
The diagnostics of varicose veins is engaged in a specialist-photobologist, the diagnosis is established on the basis of a conversation with the patient, the comparison, as well as the diagnostic data, in particular ::
- Duplex color exam.It allows you to measure the speed, the direction of the blood.The data allow you to process a map of the bloodstream.
- Flebography.It shows the external characteristics of the veins, the work of the valves.The method is used in extreme cases.
- Diagnostic samples: allow to determine the patency of the veins and the conditions of the valves.The most common failure is Troyanov.
- Dopplerography - A blood flow is carried out in a particular ship.
The methods described are used to diagnose surface and deep veins.
The consequences of the varicose veins on the legs
The danger is not in the varicose veins itself, but the subsequent complications and consequences that become a real threat to human life.Consider more in detail.
Venous deficiency
This condition provides for different stages of development.At the beginning of venous insufficiency, changes are an insignificant and horizontal venous reflux.
4 phases can be distinct:
- Zero.There are no characteristic symptoms, only a temporary swelling of the legs occurs, the veins are slightly evident.
- First.It is accompanied by a strong varicose expansion in the legs, but there are no trophic failures.
- Second.The obvious appearance of the veins on the legs with a large number of knots, the legs are affected by eczema, ulcers.
- Third.A persistent trophic violation that cannot be stopped with medicines.
In chronic venous insufficiency, patients occur in the following symptoms:
- Itching.
- Pain.
- Convulsions.
- Swelling.
- Blood stagnation and appearance of formations (varicose nodes).
- Ulcers.
Thromboflebitis
This complication is characterized by the appearance of blood clots that obstruct the vessels.The blood becomes viscous, which leads to a complication of the outflow.The upper part of the lower part of the leg and the lower part of the thigh are interested.The phlebologist can easily determine the complication of the expressed changes:
- Redness.
- Pain.
- Weakness.
- Fabric seal.
With the development of thrombophlebitis, many veins are affected, including the pulmonary artery.The treatment of thrombophlebitis should be carried out without delay to the first symptoms, surgery is used as therapy.
In the initial stages, outpatient therapy is performed if the varicose veins have not reached the lower part of the leg.
For treatment, they use:
- Non -short medicines for the removal of inflammation.
- Anticoagulants.
- Angioprotectors.
- Diggarts.
Trophile ulcer
A trophic ulcer always occurs in advanced cases when the flow of blood is very disturbed.Characteristic signs of complication:
- Slow training.
- The darkening of the skin on the legs, a strong pigmentation.
Any legs of the legs can cause damage and breakage of ulcers.If you provide rapid assistance, there will be no consequences and the lesion will heal quickly, otherwise the inflammation of the tissues will begin, the development of the bacterial infection of variable gravity is possible.
For the treatment of complicated trophic ulcers, an operation is performed.During treatment, experts prescribe bed rest for 2 or more weeks.As a conservative treatment, large action antibiotics are prescribed, regenerating drugs and local antiseptics.
Thromboembolism of the lung artery
Thromboembolismo is the most dangerous and often fatal consequence.This condition involves the occlusion of the pulmonary artery or its thrombotic branches by the masses that have detached themselves.
The main risks of development:
- Oncology.
- Carry out surgery.
- Heart failure.
- Thrombophilia.
- Long.
Women are more often subject to complications, development is also possible in children.It is possible to determine the thromboembolium of the lung artery with the following symptoms:
- Thoracic pain.
- Temperature growth.
- Tachycardia.
- Expectation with blood.
- Cough.
- Hiss.
- Dyspnea.
It is impossible to diagnose the disease itself, with suspicion of thromboembolia, urgent hospitalization is carried out.
Treatment of varicose veins and prevention
To date, different types of varicose expansion treatment are used:
- Conservative treatment.The technique depends on the stage of the disease.Use drug therapy, sclerotherapy of the interested veins, compression treatment.
- Surgical treatment.This method includes different types of operations: vene radio frequencies, intravenous thermal occlusion, varadi function and laser coagulation of the veins.
The essence of prevention is to keep ships in a healthy state, as well as preventing venous circulation failures.
Preventive measures are also shown for healthy people who, due to genetics or permanent work, are possible to develop varicose veins, as well as for those who are already ill with varicose veins.
For prevention purposes, you must:
- To control body weight, with obesity in the legs, a strong load is, blood circulation and blood vessels cannot function normally.By applying diets to reduce the mass, the menu should be controlled so that it is correct and full.
- It is right to eat so that there are products in the diet that strengthen the vascular system and normalize blood circulation.It is necessary to include multiple vegetable foods, bread made of coarse flour.
- Perform a moderate physical activity that prevents varicose veins and support the veins of the legs in good shape.Swimming, walking, dancing is ideal.
- Wear clothes, free shoes.
- Use products in the form of ointments and creams that can saturate fabrics with useful substances, improve blood circulation, strengthen blood vessels.
Even if varicose veins begin to develop, prevention can significantly slow down the development of the pathology, reduce the risk of complications.